Spain, or España, is one of the two countries situated on the Iberian Peninsula, with coastlines along the Atlantic Ocean to the north and the Mediterranean Sea to the southeast. It shares land borders with Andorra, France, Gibraltar (a UK territory), Portugal, and Morocco, as well as maritime borders with Algeria and Italy. Covering an area of 505,992 square kilometers, Spain is the fourth-largest country in Europe and the second-largest in Western Europe. .

To put it in perspective, Spain is nearly twice the size of the United Kingdom or slightly larger than the U.S. state of Oregon. As of 2020, Spain's population is approximately 47.1 million people, with Madrid as its capital and largest city. Barcelona, the capital of Catalonia, is the second-largest city. The official language is Spanish, with Catalan, Galician, Basque, and Occitan also recognized as co-official languages in their respective regions.